Profile measurement
Facial Convexity (Glabella)
Overall profile convexity without the nose: the angle at subnasale between the forehead and the chin. 180° is a perfectly straight profile; lower values are more convex (receding chin or forward midface) and values above 180° are concave.
At a glance
- Ideal
- 168–176°
- Unit
- degrees
- Weight in the overall score
- 6
- Area
- Profile
How it is measured
∠ G–Sn–Pog, measured on the face side
- G Glabella — The most forward point of the forehead, on the midline between the eyebrows.
- Sn Subnasale — The point where the underside of the nose meets the upper lip.
- Pog Pogonion — The most forward point of the chin.
Ideal range and tiers
Each value falls into a tier (T1 = ideal). Comfortably inside T1 the rating is 10, easing to 9.5 at the edges of the ideal range; beyond it the rating falls with the deviation — fastest in the first tiers outside the ideal — down to −10 (below 0 where the original tier sheet takes points away) at the far end of the worst tier.
| Tier | Range | Rating |
|---|---|---|
| T1 Ideal | 168–176° | 9.5–10 |
| T2 Near ideal | 165–168° or 176–179° | 6.7–9.5 |
| T3 Mild deviation | 163–165° or 179–181° | 4.3–6.7 |
| T4 Moderate deviation | 160–163° or 181–184° | −2.5 to 4.3 |
| T5 Severe deviation | < 160° or > 184° | −10 to −2.5 |
Differences between populations
Optional population norms move this range by the difference reported between groups measured the same way:
- Middle Eastern: men ±0°, women −3.5°.
Individual faces vary far more within any group than between groups; these are averages, not targets.
Related measurements
References
- Legan HL, Burstone CJ. Soft tissue cephalometric analysis for orthognathic surgery. J Oral Surg. 1980;38(10):744–751.